APPENDIX A great
Original admonitions taken from the radio program “Co w mowie piszczy” [‘What is happening inside the speech’] produced from the the fresh new variants out of sibilants, transmit to the seventh from me personally step 3.
APPENDIX B: Material
Rzadko kiedy dziadek sadza ja sama na kasie. Madzia caly czas musi patrzec czy kasa jest bezpieczna. Nasza gaza nie zawsze pokrywa koszty. Madzia we Kasia maja zakaz ubierania sie w pasiaste ubrania. Cale cialo ma byc zakryte. Czasem chodza perform Kazia, zeby sie poskarzyc. Rady Kazia sa malo uzyteczne. Czesto i will be mowi „Ziarnko would ziarnka good uzbiera sie miarka”. Czasami zartuje, ze moj szalony braciak maczal w tym palce. W takich sytuacjach siadam w kuchni we pieke ciasto marchewkowe. Ta mazia, ktora czesto mi wychodzi nie smakuje nawet dziadkowi. A beneficial jednak nie jest mi wade zal, bo nikt nie jest tak nadziany jak towards the.
Regardless if she really works difficult, Kasia is certainly going due to difficult times at the job. Hardly ever does grandpa make this lady stay alone at the take a look at-aside restrict. Madzia has to guarantee that the new consider-aside counter is secure. The spend doesn’t always safety the costs. Madzia and you may Kasia features a ban on sporting striped dresses. The complete human anatomy must be secured. Occasionally, each goes in order to Kazio in order to complain. Kazio’s suggestions is not too of good use. anastasiadate app The guy will tells him or her “Anything spared is actually a penny gathered”. Both We state jokingly you to my personal crazy sibling keeps played a great part with it. To your such as for example era, I sit in your kitchen and you will bake a great carrot cake. The new material very often results is not delicious for even grandpa. However, I really don’t feel sorry to own him since the nobody is given that steeped when he is actually.
APPENDIX C: Analytical Abilities
Mean thinking (left column) and you can standard deviations (best column) out of formant frequencies F1, F2, F3 of before (V1) and following vowel (V2) also formant range out of V1 and you can V2.
Consequence of blended models outcomes Keep in mind that the fresh formula regarding the lmertest package we useful for powering mixed activities showed that also t-viewpoints greater than dos were not tall. Regarding dining tables exhibited in the Appendix i put those p-philosophy into the parentheses (three for example times overall).
» tabindex=»0″> In a nutshell, you will find proof the alveolo-palatal sibilants inform you signs and symptoms of a general change in this new pronunciation from certain ladies.
On reason for the present data, half dozen towns and cities in the spectrogram of your own rule was basically influenced by place new cursor during the adopting the factors:
» tabindex=»0″> The frequency F? is the overall mean of all highest spectral peaks at the given acoustic landmark (mid of frication noises), rounded toward nearest kHz. In the God and Shadle (2002) and Lousada ainsi que al. (2012), it was shown that this computation of F? and its rounding adapts well to finding the endpoint between the two parts of the spectra (low frequency part from 500 Hz to F? (m1) and high frequency part from F? to the highest frequency (m2)) (see Jesall of us and you may Shadle 2002: 447 for additional pointers). In the Goodness and you will Shadle (2002), a worth of 4,000 Hz try found having post-alveolar fricatives out-of Western european Portuguese, and also in Lousada et al. (2012: 10), a worth of step three,900 Hz is actually receive on bust out of dental care concludes. Yet not, so you’re able to pertain so it scale to the current investigation, we had so you can adapt they to the Polish analysis, whenever (meaning that simplifying) your place of articulation is more or reduced consistent to have related phonemes. Inside our situation, we found a F? value of 5,000 Hz for all alveolo-palatals. Thus, m1 is the slope of the spectral regression line for the frequency range between 500 Hz and the corresponding F? value 5,000 Hz, and m2 is the slope of the spectral regression line for the range between the F? value of 5,000 Hz and 11,000 Hz.
The outcomes exhibited in the point 3 depend on 699 tokens (394 which includes /?/ and you may 305 that contains ; 325 tokens have been made in the new supplier phrase and you may 374 in the the text). The fresh new multidimensional research presented within the point 4.step one lies in 1942 tokens.
Into the highest volume diversity (5,000 Hz so you’re able to eleven,000 Hz) discover a mathematically factor between the two variations, particularly, the new mountains of the regression contours of the new alternatives is steeper.
The bottom line is, the outcomes indicate extreme spectral differences when considering Fundamental Polish sibilants in addition to their the latest versions. The research suggests that the fresh details utilized in the latest LDA is capable discriminate to 83.3% of the data in the example of fricatives and you may 91.dos % of the analysis in the example of the fresh affricates.
4.dos. Sociolinguistic theory
Inside contribution, these and other education advise that age, sex, social class and many other societal groups and you will presenter characteristics is actually essential determinants out-of phonetic variation. As well, it’s apparent you to definitely phonetic adaptation is not reducible to anatomic differences. It could be argued that both decades and you may sex enjoy a good role from the public shipping of one’s the fresh new variants off alveolo-palatals.
» tabindex=»0″> The same linguistic feature has been known in the Songyaun dialect off Chinese, where ladies is actually stated to displace /?/ having /s?/ on the fundamental lexical evaluate /s ? ?/ intoxicated by the latest Beijinghua “feminine feature” (Li 2005;Beckman 2012). This case closely parallels the latest chatted about improvements during the Polish. However, this isn’t wanted to believe that the students women who follow this type of phonetic versions “must” voice childish otherwise younger. In another situation, the option is inspired of the fellow tension that will be not teleological. The students women simply imitate its co-workers additionally the desire to voice childish cannot comprise the top inspiration to the transform. You’ll be able to that stereotypes and you may stigmatisations is actually after forced onto the this new variations from sibilants because of the more mature sound system. Non-teleological explanations along these lines have been recommended into use off creaky sound from the American females (Yuasa 2010).
5. Summary and you may completion
Beckman, Yards. 2012. “Aligning brand new timelines of phonological buy and change”. Report provided in the 2nd Working area for the Sound Alter. Munich. Lookup within the Bing Beginner
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